🌿 PG TRB Botany – Unit-wise Syllabus
📗 Unit 1 – Microbiology and Plant Pathology
Microbial classification – Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi, Mycoplasma – General characters – Reproduction – Economic importance – Diseases in plants: symptoms, causal organisms, control methods – Antibiotics and biological control.
📗 Unit 2 – Algae, Fungi, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes
Classification – General characters – Structure – Reproduction – Life-cycle patterns – Economic importance – Fossils – Geological time scale – Contributions of scientists – Evolutionary trends.
📗 Unit 3 – Gymnosperms and Angiosperms
Classification – Morphology – Reproductive structures – Development – APG system – Bentham & Hooker – Embryology – Endosperm – Double fertilization – Floral formulae & diagrams – Taxonomic tools – Herbarium & botanical gardens.
📗 Unit 4 – Plant Anatomy and Embryology
Tissues – Vascular bundles – Secondary & anomalous secondary growth – Wood anatomy – Nodal anatomy – Meristems – Microsporogenesis – Megasporogenesis – Fertilization – Endosperm – Polyembryony – Apomixis.
📗 Unit 5 – Cell Biology and Molecular Biology
Cell organelles: cell wall, membranes, mitochondria, ribosomes, nucleus – Cell cycle – DNA replication – Transcription – Translation – Gene expression – Mutations – Operon models.
📗 Unit 6 – Genetics and Plant Breeding
Mendelian inheritance – Linkage & crossing over – Gene mapping – Cytoplasmic inheritance – Mutations – Polyploidy – Hybridization techniques – Selection & breeding methods – Biometrical techniques – Marker-assisted selection.
📗 Unit 7 – Plant Physiology
Water relations – Mineral nutrition – Photosynthesis – Respiration – Transpiration – Plant growth regulators – Photoperiodism – Vernalization – Stress physiology – Nitrogen metabolism – Signal transduction – Flowering & seed dormancy.
📗 Unit 8 – Ecology and Environmental Biology
Ecosystem structure – Energy flow – Biogeochemical cycles – Pollution – Biodiversity – Conservation – Global warming – Environmental impact assessment – Forest types – Ecological succession – Plant communities.
📗 Unit 9 – Plant Biotechnology
Genetic engineering – Plant tissue culture – Cloning – GM and transgenic plants – Agricultural & industrial applications – Molecular markers – Genomics – Proteomics – Intro to bioinformatics tools & applications.
📗 Unit 10 – Economic Botany and Horticulture
Cultivated plants – Cereals, pulses, oilseeds – Vegetables & fruits – Medicinal plants – Beverages – Fibres – Spices – Horticultural crops – Nursery techniques – Fertilizers – Organic farming – Crop improvement.